Cellular calcium oscillations in droplets with different chemical concentrations supplied by droplet-array sandwiching technology

Digital microfluidics using droplets on a chip, such as droplet-array sandwiching technology, provide efficient tools for biochemistry from the perspective of time and sample consumption. Droplet-array technology uses fusion separation upper lower substrates high-throughput screening. In our previous work, we developed independent control individual this electrowetting-on-dielectric to droplet height allow different chemical concentrations in same chip. study, explored applicability cell-based analysis by observing cellular calcium oscillations HeLa cells with histamine concentrations. Histamine could be controlled controlling contact between droplets. We found that intensified higher prepared time. These results suggest can used analysis, where concentration stimulation needs controlled.